This article offers a review of the chapter dedicated by Strawson to the concept of a person in Individuals. Characteristics given to the concept of person by Strawson are criticized by Bernard Williams. What I set out to show is that this criticism can be answered by reviewing: a) how Strawson understands that the concept of a person is primitive, b) what are the implications of affirming the primitiveness of such concept, and, mainly c) what this philosopher understands by referring.

Background: This study investigated the factors affecting the acceptability in France of abortions. Method: 80 study participants from Toulouse and 124 from Metz judged the acceptability of abortion in 64 vignettes composed of five factors: 1) the adolescent's age (15 or 17.5 years), 2) the adolescent's plans to continue schooling or not, 3) the fetus' age (1, 2, 3, or 4 months), 4) the adolescent's parents' agreement or not, and 5) the agreement or not of baby's father. Results: Three clusters (...) were noted: 1) abortion is never acceptable (8% of participants), 2) abortion is always acceptable (23%), and 3) acceptability of abortion depends on the circumstances (63%). In the majority cluster (3), all five factors had significant effects, but the fetus's age accounted for most of the variance (78%). Conclusion: Most subjects in this study judged, in accordance with French law, that the acceptability of induced abortion in minors depends on the circumstances and, in particular, on the fetus' age. (shrink)

Este artículo está motivado por el problema de la responsabilidad colectiva frente a las acciones cometidas por nuestros antepasados y por la pregunta acerca de la legitimidad de las demandas de perdón. Acudiendo al universo conceptual heredado de Hannah Arendt, en este texto se aboga por el ejercicio de la capacidad de juicio como detonante tanto de la demanda de perdón como de la responsabilidad colectiva. El perdón se presenta así no solo como una categoría moral sino fundamentalmente política, imprescindible (...) para reconciliarse con lo acontecido y mirar al futuro con esperanza. (shrink)

Este artículo parte de la idea de que las emociones y los afectos están en juego en el proceso de discernimiento. Tiene como horizonte explorar la posibilidad de que las emociones permitan gestar espacios democráticos de articulación de lo común. De manera que el objetivo específico del texto es defender un modelo de democracia de los afectos. Para alcanzarlo sostiene que, si pensamos con cuidado una teoría del juicio poniendo atención al papel que juegan los conceptos y, al mismo tiempo, (...) repensamos la emociones como relaciones sociales más que como afecciones internas, es inevitable colocar a los afectos en estrecha vinculación con los conceptos. Siendo así, los juicios políticos que articulan la vida democrática deben entenderse desde su condición de estar atravesados por las pasiones, o, dicho de otro modo, ser juicios apasionados. (shrink)

En este artículo se argumenta que el poder de juzgar es una capacidad fundamental para pensar la política. La relevancia de tal capacidad radica en que la estructura y función de los juicios reflexionantes, tal como son leídos por hannah Arendt a partir de la Crítica del Juicio kantiana, nos permiten explicar el difícil equilibrio entre los juicios compartidos en las comunidades y la posibilidad de la crítica.

Aim To carry out a detailed study of existing positions in the French public of the acceptability of refusing treatment because of alleged futility, and to try to link these to people’s age, gender, and religious practice. Method 248 lay participants living in southern France were presented with 16 brief vignettes depicting a cancer patient at the end of life who asks his doctor to administer a new cancer treatment he has heard about. Considering that this treatment is futile in (...) the patient’s case, the doctor refuses to prescribe it. The vignettes were composed by systematically varying the level of four factors: likelihood of a positive effect, painfulness to the patient of the treatment, cost of the treatment, and attitude of the family. Results Five main positions were identified. For 10%, refusing treatment was almost never acceptable. 35% judged acceptability in line with the level of painfulness. 19% judged acceptability consistent with an interaction between the painfulness of treatment and likelihood of positive effect. For 30% it was either almost always acceptable or always acceptable. 5% did not take a position. Conclusion A range of positions regarding the acceptability of refusing to provide treatment on the basis of perceived futility was observed. These positions have been analyzed in terms of what physicians and medical ethicists would see as the four principles of medical ethics. This description of lay people’s positions in terms of the principles of medical ethics present clinicians with a conceptual tool to improve communication and shared decision making. (shrink)

The COVID‐19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented health crisis that impacted healthcare systems worldwide. This study explores how Spanish healthcare workers learned, internalised and integrated values and work behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their impact on the personal sphere. This documentary research, using images, narratives and audiovisual content, was framed within the interpretative hermeneutic paradigm. Categories and subcategories emerged after a final theoretical sampling that focused on the analysis. Data triangulation between researchers favoured theoretical saturation. A total of 117 images (...) and 27 texts were selected. The analysis identified three stages: bewilderment, seeking functionality in the chaos and integrating chaos into care. The data reflects how the need for security and knowledge, and the exhaustion and frustration caused by the initial working conditions, prompted adaptive responses. These responses involved focusing on problem‐solving and strengthening group sentiments and solidarity. Subsequently, the data indicates the acceptance of new structural, organisational and communication aspects. The findings of the analysis will contribute towards finding a framework that can help understand community health crisis events. (shrink)

In accepting the constituent character of the languageand, with this, the mediation that it supposes for our relationship with theworld, is outlined a problem: How to reconcile the decisive and contingentcharacter of this sense constitution transmitted with and by the language, bythe differents natu..

This paper suggests an argument in favour of the relevance of Wittgenstein’s proposal on language for the analysis of political discourse. Wittgenstein’s perspective, as interpreted here, offers a relevant political argument: the possibility of applying the descriptive-normative paradigm that char..

Este artículo es un intento de dilucidación y delimitación historiográfico-conceptual que pretende aportar un enfoque alternativo a los estudios sobre la teoría política realista. Mi propósito es presentar un bosquejo del sentido histórico del concepto de realismo político situándolo en los contextos de la Realpolitik alemana y de la escuela realista de las relaciones internacionales. De este modo, pretendo mostrar las relaciones contextuales del realismo político, la localización de su antagonismo con el liberalismo y la invención retrospectiva de una tradición (...) realista como resultado de una serie de apropiaciones intelectuales y políticas. This article is a historiographical and conceptual attempt of clarification and delimitation to offer an alternative view to the studies of the realist political theory. I pretend to put forward an outline of the historical sense of the concept of political realism, placing it on the contexts of German Realpolitik and the realist school of international relations. Thus, I pretend to show the contextual relations of political realism, the location of its antagonism against liberalism and the retrospective invention of a realist tradition as a result of a set of intellectual and political additions. (shrink)

A la luz de la propuesta arendtiana de espacio público, en este artículo se analiza uno de los conceptos que más interés está despertando en el contexto de la llamada filosofía política continental: lo común. Desde una revisión comparada con la obra de C. Laval y P. Dardot enfrento los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué perspectivas abre la obra arendtiana en la actual reflexión sobre lo común como principio político articulador? ¿Qué nuevas cuestiones suscita la idea de espacio público como comunidad política (...) de Arendt al confrontarla con la propuesta de lo común? (shrink)

Exposure to pesticides during infancy is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. The assessment of knowledge and perception of pesticides exposure and risk among children has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a questionnaire that measures the knowledge and perception of exposure to organophosphate pesticides among rural schoolchildren. The questionnaire was administered to 151 schoolchildren between 9 and 13years from four Chilean rural schools. An internal consistency analysis of the (...) ordinal alpha coefficient and a polychoric factor analysis for categorical data were used. The results show that the ordinal alpha was 0.95. Polychoric matrices of rotated components show the 17 questions summarized pesticide knowledge in five factors extracted after promax rotation. This factorial model explains 56.3% of the variance. The questions were grouped as follows: knowledge about pesticides ; knowledge of health effects related to pesticides exposure ; pesticide exposure through the growing of fruits and vegetables ; perception and action against pesticides exposure at school ; and perception and action against pesticides exposure at home. The questionnaire provides a useful tool for examining pesticide exposure in agricultural regions, allowing younger community members to participate. (shrink)

Background: This study investigated the factors affecting the acceptability in France of abortions. Method: 80 study participants from Toulouse and 124 from Metz judged the acceptability of abortion in 64 vignettes composed of five factors: 1) the adolescent's age (15 or 17.5 years), 2) the adolescent's plans to continue schooling or not, 3) the fetus' age (1, 2, 3, or 4 months), 4) the adolescent's parents' agreement or not, and 5) the agreement or not of baby's father. Results: Three clusters (...) were noted: 1) abortion is never acceptable (8% of participants), 2) abortion is always acceptable (23%), and 3) acceptability of abortion depends on the circumstances (63%). In the majority cluster (3), all five factors had significant effects, but the fetus's age accounted for most of the variance (78%). Conclusion: Most subjects in this study judged, in accordance with French law, that the acceptability of induced abortion in minors depends on the circumstances and, in particular, on the fetus' age. (shrink)

En este artículo se defiende la siguiente tesis: Wittgenstein “exorciza” los argumentos escépticos mostrando una concepción alternativa del lenguaje y del conocimiento que ha dado en caracterizarse como naturalismo y quietismo. Y se ofrece un deslinde entre los planteamientos quietistas y naturalistas wittgensteinianos y el naturalismo propio del empirismo mínimo de McDowell. A diferencia de este último, la propuesta wittgensteiniana nos ofrece la posibilidad de rechazar el reto escéptico.

RESUMENEn un texto presentado por Richard Rorty como homenaje a Gadamer en la celebración de su centenario, el filósofo norteamericano califica la postura gadameriana como nominalista. A partir de esta interpretación del vínculo entre ser y lenguaje, en la obra de Gadamer, nos vamos a ocupar de las objeciones acerca de su contextualismo, relativismo y conservadurismo que podrían plantearse a dicha propuesta y de las posibles respuestas. Este acercamiento reivindica la ontología lingüística apuntada en Verdad y Método y desarrollada en (...) obras posteriores.PALABRAS CLAVENOMINALISMO, GADAMER, SER, LENGUAJEABSTRACTIn a text presented by Richard Rorty as a tribute to Gadamer in the celebration of his centenary, the North American philosopher describes Gadamer´s position as nominalist. Starting from that interpretation of the bond between being and language in Gadamer´s work, we focus on the objections concerning its contextualism, relativism and conservadurism, as well as of the possible answers. This approach vindicates the linguistic ontology pointed in Truth and Method and developed in later works. KEY WORDSNOMINALIM, GADAMER, BEING, LANGUAGE. (shrink)

Dans cet article, je plaide en faveur d’une idée de l’humanité comme communauté d’adhésion enracinée dans la condition ontologique de la pluralité humaine et dans le sentiment d’amour du monde, ou amor mundi. Pour atteindre cet objectif, je m’appuie sur les catégories d’action politique et de monde-en-commun et revendique la proposition arendtienne de construction du monde pour penser notre identité en tant que membres d’une humanité respectant la pluralité. Dans un second temps, je présente la conception kantienne du jugement réfléchissant (...) qui me permet de définir l’humanité comme une communauté d’adhésion liée par le sentiment d’amour pour le monde. (shrink)

Research on moral cleansing and moral self-licensing has introduced dynamic considerations in the theory of moral behaviour. Past bad actions trigger negative feelings that make people more likely to engage in future moral behaviour to offset them. Symmetrically, past good deeds favour a positive self-perception that creates licensing effects, leading people to engage in behaviour that is less likely to be moral. In short, a deviation from a is balanced with a subsequent action that compensates the prior behaviour. We model (...) the decision of an individual trying to reach the optimal level of moral self-worth over time and show that under certain conditions the optimal sequence of actions follows a regular pattern which combines good and bad actions. To explore this phenomenon we conduct an economic experiment where subjects play a sequence of giving decisions (dictator games). We find that donations in the previous period affect present decisions and the sign is negative: participants' behaviour in every round is negatively correlated to what they did in the past. Hence donations over time seem to be the result of a regular pattern of self-regulation: moral licensing (being selfish after altruistic) and cleansing (altruistic after selfish). (shrink)

Background: This study investigated the factors affecting the acceptability in France of abortions. Method: 80 study participants from Toulouse and 124 from Metz judged the acceptability of abortion in 64 vignettes composed of five factors: 1) the adolescent's age (15 or 17.5 years), 2) the adolescent's plans to continue schooling or not, 3) the fetus' age (1, 2, 3, or 4 months), 4) the adolescent's parents' agreement or not, and 5) the agreement or not of baby's father. Results: Three clusters (...) were noted: 1) abortion is never acceptable (8% of participants), 2) abortion is always acceptable (23%), and 3) acceptability of abortion depends on the circumstances (63%). In the majority cluster (3), all five factors had significant effects, but the fetus's age accounted for most of the variance (78%). Conclusion: Most subjects in this study judged, in accordance with French law, that the acceptability of induced abortion in minors depends on the circumstances and, in particular, on the fetus' age. (shrink)

Resumen: Este texto consiste básicamente en una presentación general de la corriente filosófica del nuevo realismo surgida en 2007 y en la que participan autores europeos y norteamericanos. Un punto en común de las diversas posiciones dentro de esta corriente es el deslinde crítico frente a la filosofía posmoderna y a la filosofía moderna en general. Explico esta crítica y sus implicaciones para la posibilidad de un restablecimiento en la filosofía contemporánea del pensamiento metafísico.: This text is basically an overview (...) of philosophical new realism which emerged in 2007 and involves European and American authors. A common point to the various positions within this current is a critical detachment from postmodern philosophy and modern philosophy in general. i explain this criticism and its implications for the possibility of a restoration in contemporary philosophy of metaphysical thought. (shrink)

En este artículo se parte del reconocimiento de la crisis del actual modelo de desarrollo y del paradigma cartesiano, que han promovido la conciencia entrampada del “guerrero”. Desde la incorporación del pensamiento complejo a través de ejercicios reflexivos, es posible difundir una mirada transdisciplinar que permita enfrentar los problemas de una “sociedad de riesgo”, incentivando la conformación dialógica de un “mundo de la vida saludable”. La difusión de este nuevo humanismo depende de la efectividad de la Reforma Educativa que aún (...) está pendiente. Para ello, se requiere educar sujetos reflexivos, que asuman la propia multidimensionalidad, dispuestos a incorporar los nuevos aprendizajes que ofrece la sociedad globalizada. (shrink)

This book is a multi-faceted attempt to understand the psychological mysteries of land, space, native cultures, changing eras, and geographical dislocation. It shows us that many remote and seemingly peaceful areas of the world have their own dark and silent pasts in which their original inhabitants were often brutally wiped out. Weaving history, geography, myth, philosophy, and psychoanalysis together, this book tries to understand why such atrocities were committed, how those subjected to these 'crimes' might have perceived them, and what (...) are the long-term, trans-generational consequences of these historical events. (shrink)

En este texto planteo posiciones divergentes en torno a la problemática sexo/género mantenidas actualmente por dos autoras que asumen y rechazan respectivamente el mantenimiento del sistema sexo y género tomando como punto de análisis el lenguaje.

Nel tradurre Processo e realtà è importante considerare che l'opus magnum di Whitehead ha una natura metafisica, cosmologica e sistematica. Il sitema di Whitehead è aperto; le sue categorie sono interrelate e non vanno considerate separate dall'intero del sistema metafisico. Le generalità metafisiche sono difficili da esprimere e il nostro linguaggio è fortemente limitato. Ciononostante, il traduttore di Processo e realtà deve saper cogliere le parole esatte e rigorose al fine di rendere quella vera e propria "rivoluzione linguistica" introdotta da (...) Whitehead nel suo testo. La traduzione italiana bilingue di Processo e realtà condotta da Maria Regina Brioschi ha in questo senso raggiunto un risultato eccezionale. (shrink)

El viaje ha tenido un papel fundamental en la azarosa supervivencia humana, sin embargo nuestro paradigma es rico en quietudes y pautas fijas. De pronto, los escenarios se trastocan, sobreviene la crisis y nada será como era entonces. Todos estamos en tránsito, de conocimientos, de aprendizajes, de identidades, todos estamos forzados a ser migrantes, aunque la cabeza y el corazón intenten apegarse a una concepción del mundo y de la vida que pertenece a otra época ya pasada. El tercer milenio (...) le ha dado buenas razones de emergencia a una comunidad trashumante cuyo origen es la misma inestabilidad a la que tenemos que enfrentarnos. Ese flujo es el cambio de paradigma. ElYo haciéndosees un Yo siempre en tránsito hacia otra parte. Pero para generar este paisaje quieto el sistema dispone de una serie de controles. Nuestra cultura ‘reacciona’ negativamente, desconfía del nomadismo, como también del extranjero. El desorden es una noción compleja, como lo es el encuentro entre muchos azares, que son generadores del caos. (shrink)

Abstract“Patient-centred care” is the recent response to the malaise produced in the field of health care from the point of view both of a technical mentality and the paternalistic model. The interest in the story-telling approach shown by both the humanities and the social sciences has favoured a “narrative turn” in medicine too, where the new ethics of therapeutic relationship consider the hermeneutic method a means by which to integrate evidence and subjectivity, scientific data and patient experience. The aim of (...) this paper is to show how Ricoeur’s theory of “threefold mimesis” makes a conceptual contribution to the use of narrative interviews in nursing and also be successfully transferred into and applied in the field of healthcare in general. First, the paper examines how this narrative approach might open up new possibilities for the acquisition of in-depth knowledge of patients’ life experiences, a condition indispensable for the improvement of the quality of care. Secondly, it highlights how this Ricoeurian method seems capable of provide an opportunity for healthcare professionals to review their own understanding of the caregiver-patient therapeutic relationship, beginning with their confrontation with the patient’s world as revealed by the narrative they provide. (shrink)